cropping intensity of punjab

km. The cropping pattern and cropping intensity for Kharif and Rabi seasons are given in Table 2. Abstract This paper quantifies the cropping intensity effects of tractors and tubewells in the Indian Punjab. Among all the food crops, the largest increase in area since 1950- 51 has already been recorded by wheat cultivation which shows an increase of 132 percent by . Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 133-153. In 1970-71, about 41 per cent of the gross cropped area was under wheat, which increased to nearly 44 per cent in 1990-91 and hovered around 42-43 per cent thereafter. About 85% of geographical area of Punjab is under agriculture of which 97% area is irrigated . ; Cropping Intensity = Gross Cropped Area/Net Sown Area x 100. of net sown area in Punjab alone. Punjab has the highest index of cropping intensity because here 129 kg/ hectare fertilizers , 11 tractors per thousand hectare, 75 pumping set per thousand hectares are used and 99 % of the gross cropped area is irrigated. The North Indian state of Punjab is the most intensively cultivated region in the country with a cropping intensity of about 190 percent, meaningthereby that, on average, 1.9 crops are harvested per unit area per year. conditions in subtropical regions of northern Punjab. Increase in cropping intensity in Punjab. Effects of Tubewells on Cropping Patterns and Cropping Intensities Table I presents cropping patterns and cropping intensities of tubewell and nontubewell farmers separately for the two selected areas in the former Punjab. BALANGOO) PRODUCTION IN THE LOW INTENSITY CROPPING ZONE OF THE PUNJAB, PAKISTAN Pakistan J. Agric. Journal of Managerial Sciences 106 Volume V, Number 1 . The irrigation intensity in Punjab increased from 54 per cent in 1960-61 to 99.9 per cent in 2017-18. Reserve Bank of India - Publications. Egypt indicates that cropping intensity was greatly enhanced after commissioning of canal irrigation (Ahmed, 2000). 199 Sidhu : Production Conditions Cropping intensity is highest. Regression analysis of cropping intensity and a discussion on the potential of increasing cropping intensity in the region are presented. In particular, the 'rice - wheat' cropping system is predominant in the State as it is practised on more than 70% of the cultivated area (i.e., around 3 million ha out of the total 4.1 million ha). around 140-150%). Figure 2: Trends in Cropping Intensity and Irrigation Intensity in Punjab (1966-2010) 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010) 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 Values in percentages Irrigation Intensity Cropping Intensity The average use of human labour utilization per farm stood at 1010.94 mandays. This zone consists of Punjab, Haryana, Union erritories of Delhi and Chandigarh and t Sriganganagar district of Rajasthan. This paper reviews the results obtained from various previous studies, which had estimated the crop residue potentials for power generation in the state. When it comes to popular crops used for monocropping, corn, soybeans, and wheat are three common crops often grown using . ; Cropping Intensity = Gross Cropped Area/Net Sown Area x 100. Cropping intensity (%) 140 161 178 186 Source: Statistical Abstracts of Punjab , various issues. Last Updated On: 02/01/2015. In India; Gross crop areas=194.4 Million hectares. Cropping Intensity (%) Total cropped area (GCA) Net area Sown Area sown more than once (7-8) Cropping Intensity (%) Total cropped area (GCA) Net area Sown Area sown more than once (11-12) Cropping . Multi-date IRS LISS I and IRS WiFS sensor data have been used for this study. 2, 2012 Mazher Abbas*, Tahir Mehmood**, Arshed Bashir*, Muneeb Zafar*** and Aneela Afzal**** ABSTRACT:- Unani medicine is part of Pakistani culture and is popularly practiced by a large segment of the population. However, in Sangat block of Bathinda district the coverage of cotton-wheat cropping system is higher as compared to other blocks along with rice-wheat cropping system due to medium Quite different factors explain cropping intensity of the two distinct land types. But in 1944-45, there was a change in the cropping pattern in India and area under food crops came down to 80 percent and the area under non-­food crops slightly increased to 20 percent. 1990-91. The agricultural intensity in percentage = (Gross cropping areas/Net sown areas)*100. . Targets 2019-20: Procurment Tendering process for procurement of Power Drilling Rigs = (194.4 ÷ 139.9) * 100. It consists of Decentralized Extension and Hub program. It has a cropping intensity of 184%. Monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land, in the absence of rotation through other crops or growing multiple crops on the same land, which is known as polyculture. Punjab is a predominantly agricultural state having 85 per cent of its area under cultivation with an average cropping intensity of 188 per cent. Title: Tractors, Tubewells and Cropping Intensity in the Indian Punjab. This increased to 185% in the Indian Punjab and 145% in Pakistan Punjab in 2002-03 (Mustafa and Khan 2005). Cropping Intensity. Semi-arid characteristics prevail in this region. 152 A. Hassan et al. Vol. Area of lepara land, rainfall, mechanization and farm size are major determinants of overall cropping intensity. Cropping Intensity. Cropping Intensity= net area sown/total cropped area . Welcome To District Hoshiarpur (Punjab)--Introduction Total area of Hoshiarpur district is 339000 hectares, out of which forest area is 109000 hectares (32.15 per cent). Rice and wheat are double cropped in Punjab with rice stalks being burned off over millions of acres prior to the planting of wheat. 141.6. around 140-150%). The cropping intensity is around 189% with over 98% of the Changes in the Cropping Pattern The green revolution brought significant changes in the cropping pattern of Punjab. Gross Cropped Area: This represents the total area sown once and/or more than once in a particular year, i.e. Punjab has the highest cropping intensity of 176 per cent, followed by Himachal Pradesh (169 per cent), West Bengal (157 per cent), Haryana (145 per cent) and Uttar Pradesh (143 per cent). 1992-93. Major crops of grown in the state are wheat, rice, and cotton. Cropping Intensity. km. After the inception of Warsak Right Bank Canal, the cropping intensity has increased from average 20% to 110%. In global studies these measures are aggregated to an average . The major characteristics of this area are: highest net sown area, highest irrigated area, high cropping intensity and high groundwater utilization. Agricultural intensity means net sown areas are used to growing crops more than once in one agriculture year. surveyed, cropping intensity of tractorised farms was the highest in the Punjab, followed by Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and the lowest in Rajasthan and Maharashtra. Punjab state is one of the leading states for number of tractors tillers in terms of density per 1000 hectare of net sown area. Nearly 60 percent is the net sown area out of which 81 percent is irrigated and the cropping intensity is 170 percent, 18 percent points less than the state average. The state cropping pattern dominated by wheat-rice rotation is causing a serious damage to the state's natural resource base. Emerging Trends in Agricultural Practices in Pakistan. In Punjab state about 85% of geographical area is under agriculture. Verma, S.R. (Punjab, Haryana and UP) account for 55 percent of the tube wells in India. Important crops include wheat, sugarcane, cotton, rice, gram, maize, millets, pulses and oilseeds. 2004). By the end Punjab's has 85 percent area under cultivation and cropping intensity is around 185 percent. In addition to the conventional measure of cropping intensity, a new index, which takes account. Source: Statistical Abstract of Punjab (various issues). In Rajasthan, the cropping intensity is less. The intensity is low in dry, rainfed regions of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka (110-125 per cent). The dominant cropping pattern of This widespread practice is polluting and wasteful. This means that almost the entire cropped area of Punjab is being sown more than once a year. Very recently, the priority is being. The state has 84% of its total geographical area (50.362 lakh hectares) under cultivation. However, today Punjab is faced with the threat of desertification. It refers to raising of a number of crops from the same field during one agricultural year; it can be expressed through a formula. Cropping intensity: Number of crops cultivated in a piece of land per annum is cropping intensity. On the other hand, a resolution passed by the Haryana Assembly reads that non-supply of its share from the Ravi-Beas waters has resulted in a reduction in agriculture production to the tune of 800,000 tonnes of food grains every year, causing a . The all India average irrigation intensity is still hovering around 45 percent. Cropping intensity: Number of crops cultivated in a piece of land per annum is cropping intensity. food-sufficiency. Result of correlation matrix The emerging scene of Punjab agriculture is not free from some serious concerns. geographical area out of which 4.23 m hact. 21 Punjab 7848 4145 3703 189.3 7857 4119 3738 190.8 7872 4137 3735 190.3 Therefore, it will continue to control all strategies for planned socio-economic development of the state.Since the advent of . The average use of human labour utilization per farm stood at 1010.94 mandays. The cropping intensity of Bathinda district was significantly increased mainly due to increased in rice area (Panigrahy et al. Cropping intensity can also be measured as the number of harvests and referred to as the multiple cropping index (e.g. About 75% of its population depends directly in agriculture. Agriculture is a way of life. The cropping intensity was found 134% which revealed that inspite of waterlogging and salinity, the cropping intensity was relatively high. The cropping intensity estimate stood in the range of 100 to 220 per cent; however, overall average was 112.19 per cent. The major factors affecting cropping intensity in the barani farming systems of Northern Punjab are analysed. 3.3 Cropping intensity in Punjab State 30 3.4 Permissible land ceiling limit under Punjab Land Reforms Act, 1972 31 3.5 Source-wise net area irrigated in Punjab 34 3.6 Pre and post monsoon ground water level in Punjab 34 3.7 Distribution of blocks in different categories on basis of underground water resources in Punjab . V-AID, BDS, IRDP, TandV system, FFS, over more than 50% of the cropping area. the area is counted as many times as there are sowings in a year. Source: Department of Agriculture, Punjab, 2013. For these reasons, Punjab has the highest Cropping Intensity in India at 196% while Gujarat has only 124% which is much below the national average of 145%. The cropping intensity of 206% results in about 30.7 million tonnes of food grains annually (Punjab Agricultural University, 2020a). In Punjab and Tamil Nadu, the cropping intensity is more than 100% (i.e. Intensive cropping: Growing number of crops on the same piece of land during the given period of time. In Rajasthan, the cropping intensity is less. To promote agriculture and enhance its productivity, income and cropping intensity through exploitation of ground water resources in north-west Barani areas of province Punjab. The cropping intensity is comparatively high at head reaches than the tail one (Khan and Ali, 1998). This means nearly 55 percent of the area under crops is not having assured irrigation and agriculture there is either dry or rain-fed. Rice shared 8% in 1960, 10% in 1972, 12% in 1980 and a . This medicine Agrawal (1988) and Wani Bharatpur 4.80 0.01 0.00 7.01 0.65 0.00 (2009) examined cropping intensity for Punjab Bhilwara 4.92 0.00 0.00 -0.37 0.01 0.71 2 and Jammu & Kashmir, respectively, and its Bikaner 4.62 0.00 0.00 6.24 0.60 0.00 relationship with farm mechanization that has Bundi 4.84 0.01 0.00 8.15 0.72 0.00 led to higher average cropping . Cropping intensity in percentage, Cropped area in any season, and Total cultivated area. Cropping Intensity in India = (Gross Cropped Area ÷Net Area Sown) * 100. It is the ratio of the Total Cropped Area (or the gross cropped area) to the Net Area Sown. 7. This region (also called the Satluj-Yamuna Plains) extends over Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi and the Ganganagar district of Rajasthan. The cropping intensity also went up from 126% to 190% . This paper quantifies the cropping intensity effects of tractors and tubewells in the Indian Punjab. Cropping intensity was low, and paddy as a major crop had not yet been intro-duced in the Indus basin region. Punjab Agricultural University. In Rajasthan, the cropping intensity is less. (Per Cent) States/Union Territories. This book focuses on the major factors (including irrigation, mechanization and improved cultivars) influencing cropping intensity in cotton-based systems in southern Punjab, Pakistan. In Punjab province, adopting policy option 2 (flat rate based on land size independent of crop type and cropping intensity, based on average rate) would result in annual gains for smaller size . cropping systems are followed throughout the country and based on rationale of spread of crops in each district in the country, 30 important cropping systems have been identified. 1991-92. a. Rice-wheat is the domi-nant cropping system occupying a 2.5-million-hectare (mha) A study was conducted in the Bathinda district of Punjab state for mapping the cropping pattern and crop rotation, monitoring long term changes in cropping pattern by using the satellite based remote sensing data along other spatial and non-spatial collateral data. = 138.9%. (d) enhanced power and credit availability. Gross cropping Areas= Net sown areas * number of crops grown in one agriculture year. Proportion of wheat in total cropped area was 34% in 1960, 36% in 1972 and 38% in 1980 and 1990. in Estel et al., 2016), for example as identified from time series of vegetation indices in remote sensing studies. Looking at the cropping pattern, the cropping intensity (ratio of the Gross Cropped Area to the Net Sown Area) has increased from 181% to about 190% over the last two decades. It has shaped the thought, outlook, culture and economic life of our people. Current Fallows 2239 5. . Res. The Created Date: 8/12/2002 4:30:57 PM Annual rainfall- 65-125 cm. Gross Cropped/Irrigated Area and Area under Foodgrains with Cropping Intensity in Punjab (2009-2010) Cropping Pattern of Punjab (1999-2000 to 2005-2006) Area and Cropping Intensity in Punjab (30.06.1999) Cropping Pattern of Cotton in Punjab (1950-1951, 1960-1961, 1970-1971, 1980-1981, 1990-1991 to 1995-1996) Cropping Pattern of Punjab (1950 . Land put to non-agricultural use 16719 4. This is almost 120 percent, but on lepara land it is 175 (compared with 100 on mera land). Cropping intensity The states like Punjab (187.2), Himachal Pradesh (170.8), and Hayana (166.5) have highest cropping intensity on the other hand, the states like Gujarat (104.9), Karnataka (114.7) and Tamil Nadu (117.3) have the lowest cropping intensity. Traditionally, the farmers had followed the Maize-Wheat or Sugarcane-Maize-Wheat cropping pattern but during last about four decades, they have shifted to Wheat-Rice cropping pattern thereby leading to increased demand on irrigation water . Mix extension approaches were launched to curb these cropping zone is defined as where no crop is cultivated constraints i.e. Table 49: State-wise Pattern of Land Use - Cropping Intensity. The Punjab state has 5.03 m hact. Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India. (17 kb) or (68 kb) Date : Mar 03, 2019. The catalog contains the data related to Density of Population, Percentage of (Literates, Schedule Castes, Workers, Agricultural Workers to total Population), Percentage of Agricultural Workers to total Workers, Gross Area Sown, Net Area Sown per Agricultural Worker, Intensity of Cropping, Percentage of Area under H.Y.V of Wheat, Paddy, MAIZE to Total Cropped Area of Wheat, Paddy and MAIZE . Cropping intensity (CI) is an index of single or double cropping. It refers to raising of a number of crops from the same field during one agricultural year; it can be expressed through a formula. is under cultivation. Earlier, Punjab had also laid claim to this water to take cropping intensity to 200 percent. In Punjab and Tamil Nadu, the cropping intensity is more than 100% (i.e. The cropping intensity estimate stood in the range of 100 to 220 per cent; however, overall average was 112.19 per cent. Punjab developed its agriculture to the stage where it has the largest proportion of irrigated area (98%), highest cropping intensity (about 200%) and the most intensive use of chemical fertilizers (246 kg/ha) and other inputs during 2011-12 as compared to other states in the country. central Punjab districts [2]. (1961) 79320 sq. Cropping Patterns. (1978), on a sample of 115farms in Ludhiana district, the Agriculture in Punjab is highly intensive in terms of agriculture inputs, such as, water, energy, nutrients, machinery, including the land value and capital invested. Net area sown 126678 6. The statistics related to state-wise agro-ecosystems cropping pattern for 1998-99 and cropping pattern according to land utilization are provided. The cropping intensity increased from 126% to 186% during the period 1965-66 to 2004-05. Total Geographical area 585000 2. In the Indian Punjab (including Haryana), crop-ping intensity was 126% in 1960-61, nearly the same (125%) as in Pakistan Punjab. L. and se and . HIGH LEVEL OF INTENSITY OF CROPPING Punjab: Ludhiana (176.07 percent), Patiala (173.24 percent), Sangrur (170.51 percent), Gurdaspur (167.87 percent), Amritsar (166.96 percent), Firozpur (161.80 percent) and Jalandhar (161.37 percent), districts had high level of cropping intensity in 1980-81. • State has highest irrigated area i.e 99.9% and highest cropping intensity i.e 206%. The cropping intensity for the year 2016-17 has marginally improved to 1.25 from 1.24 last year. It is evident that there is a general increase in the area of crops grown around 140% - 150%). The high cropping intensity severely affects soil fertility as it leaves no time natural rejuvenation III. Study of cropping patterns indicate an increasing stress on food crops mainly wheat & Rice and cash crop 'the cotton'. In Punjab and Tamil Naduthe cropping intensity is more than 100, (i.e. Total cropped area: 47320 sq km. Eastern Plateau and Hills zone Cropping intensity of India is 141.6%. Cropping intensity has increased from 133% in 1971 to 190% in 2009.The state has 86% cropped area and 98% of this is under irrigation that uses nearly 84% of the state's water resources. If we use this crop residue as a fuel in biomass power plants, it will not only provide . It has over the years become synonymous with prosperity, thanks to it being blessed with fertile soil and five fabled rivers. Gross Cropped/Irrigated Area and Area under Foodgrains with Cropping Intensity in Punjab (2009-2010) Cropping Pattern of Punjab (1999-2000 to 2005-2006) Area and Cropping Intensity in Punjab (30.06.1999) Cropping Pattern of Cotton in Punjab (1950-1951, 1960-1961, 1970-1971, 1980-1981, 1990-1991 to 1995-1996) Cropping Pattern of Punjab (1950 . Punjab is one of the most fertile regions in India, where wheat, rice, sugar cane, fruits and vegetables are grown and it is called the "Granary of India" or "India's bread-basket". Gross Cropped Area: This represents the total area sown once and/or more than once in a particular year, i.e. (2006) Impact of Agricultural Mechanization on Production, Productivity, Cropping Intensity Income Generation and Employment of Labour Status of Farm Mechanization in India. Punjab State Farmers' and Farm Workers' Commission About Punjab • State with only 1.53% of the total geographical area of the country produces about 19% of wheat and 11% rice and 5% of cotton, 10% of milk, 20% of honey and 48% of mushroom in the country. The study was designed to test the hypothesis that conservation tillage and intensified cropping sequences strongly impact crop yield and economic output in agroecological conditions of northern Punjab, Pakistan. Cropping intensity 189% 1.8 River System and Water Resources in Zuo et al., 2014) or cropping frequency (e.g. of Punjab and states that their prevails an inverse relationship between farm size and the CI. Out of this, rice consumes 34%, wheat 30% and other crops 36% (Jain, 2012)1. In addition to the conventional measure of cropping intensity, a new index, which takes account of the time duration of crops grown, is specified. Cropping Intensity Of Crops. This to be further stepped up to 1.50 by ensuring adequate irrigation and changing cropping pattern. The catalog contains the data related to Density of Population, Percentage of (Literates, Schedule Castes, Workers, Agricultural Workers to total Population), Percentage of Agricultural Workers to total Workers, Gross Area Sown, Net Area Sown per Agricultural Worker, Intensity of Cropping, Percentage of Area under H.Y.V of Wheat, Paddy, MAIZE to Total Cropped Area of Wheat, Paddy and MAIZE . Punjab and Haryana with cropping intensities respectively at 1.91 at 1.81 stand as National benchmarks. P. attern Out of the total geographical area of 5 million hectares of the state, about 4.2 million hectare is the net area sown. Therefore, more the use of arable land during a year more is the cropping intensity. However, during this period the increase in cropping intensity from 187.9 percent to 189 percent had arrested any fall in gross cropped area in state from 78.48 lakh hectare. Cropping pattern maps and crop rotation maps were . Forest 2004 3. The unculturable land has been reclaimed and fallow land has been brought under cultivation. the area is counted as many times as there are sowings in a year. Demand of water for Agriculture (4.38 Mham) = Canal Water (1.45)+ Dynamic GW (recharge TYPES OF CROPPING SYSTEMS Mono-Cropping: Mono-cropping or monoculture refers to growing of only one crop on a piece of land year after year. Cropping intensity is defined as the seasonal area cropped divided by the . On an average there are 28 tube wells per sq. P. roduction . Punjab being an agricultural dominating state has innumerable prospective of agricultural crop residues. Gross cropped area 252989 7. 25 No. As per State of Indian Agriculture Report, 2012-13, Punjab has the highest cropping intensity in the country closely followed by West Bengal (185%), Haryana (181%), Himachal Pradesh (173%) and Orrisa (162%) as compared to all India percentage 138%. Source: Statistical Abstract of Punjab, 2019 Cropping Intensity The cropping intensity (ratio of net sown area to gross cropped area) in the state has increased sharply from 126 percent in 1960-61 to 191 percent in 2018-19 with adoption of input intensive agricultural practices. It calculated through following formula The intensity of cropping = Total cropped area/Net sown area x 100b. Land use pattern of Ferozpur and Fazilka district, Punjab Type of Land use Area (hectares) 1. (2005) 67 % increase. In a study by Pathak et al.

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